Which of the following describes the "5 D's" associated with VBI?

• A. Dizziness, Drop attacks, Diplopia, Dysphagia, Deafness
• B. Disorientation, Dizziness, Drowsiness, Double vision, Disruption
• C. Dysphasia, Dizziness, Disfiguration, Diplopia, Dysarthria
• D. Dizzyness, Double vision, Dysarthria, Drop attacks, Deafness

Answer: (A)

The "5 D's" associated with Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency (VBI) are a classic set of clinical signs and symptoms that may indicate this serious condition. These signs help in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with dizziness or balance issues, where vascular compromise to the posterior circulation is suspected.

The correct description includes:

• Dizziness: This is a common complaint in patients with VBI and can range from lightheadedness to a sensation of spinning (vertigo).

• Drop attacks: This refers to sudden falls without loss of consciousness, which can occur due to impaired brainstem function caused by reduced blood flow.

• Diplopia: Double vision can occur because of cranial nerve involvement or disruption of visual processing, which is pertinent in cases of VBI.

• Dysphagia: Difficulty swallowing can arise from brainstem dysfunction affecting motor control of swallowing.

• Deafness: This symptom may reflect dysfunction in the auditory pathway or involvement of cranial nerves responsible for hearing.

Considering these definitions, this specific combination of symptoms accurately represents the "5 D's" associated with VBI, providing a clear understanding of the potential neurological implications of vascular compromise in the posterior circulation.