What best describes a systematic review?

• A. A comparison of treatments.
• B. A literature review focused on multiple questions.
• C. A synthesis of high-quality research evidence relevant to a single question.
• D. A qualitative analysis of disease prevalence.

Answer: (C)

A systematic review is best described as a synthesis of high-quality research evidence relevant to a single question because it follows a structured and transparent methodology to identify, select, and critically appraise all relevant studies addressing that particular question. This type of review aims to gather all available evidence, minimizing bias and providing a comprehensive understanding of the research topic at hand.

The systematic process includes defining a specific research question, developing a protocol, conducting a thorough search of literature, and using predetermined criteria for study inclusion. This approach enhances the reliability of the conclusions drawn, as it is based on rigorous evidence rather than anecdotal observations or incomplete data.

In this context, while comparisons of treatments or literature reviews might be part of a systematic review, they do not accurately define it. A systematic review is distinct due to its focused aim on a single question, ensuring that the gathered evidence is cohesive and relevant. The mention of qualitative analysis of disease prevalence does not align with the quantitative and evidence-based nature of systematic reviews, which are grounded in analyzing empirical data.