What are the most common levels for disc herniation in the lumbar spine?

• A. L3-4 and L4-5
• B. L4-5 and L5-S1
• C. L5-S1 and S1-2
• D. L2-3 and L3-4

Answer: (B)

The most common levels for disc herniation in the lumbar spine are indeed at L4-5 and L5-S1. These levels are particularly susceptible to herniation due to the biomechanical loads placed on them from daily activities and weight-bearing tasks. The L4-5 level bears significant stress because it serves as the transition point between the more mobile lumbar spine and the sacrum, making it vulnerable to injury.

Additionally, the L5-S1 level encounters substantial forces as it connects the lumbar spine to the sacrum, particularly during flexion and extension movements, further increasing its likelihood of herniation. These levels account for a significant percentage of herniations observed in clinical practice, highlighting their relevance in both assessment and treatment strategies for patients suffering from lumbar disc issues.

Other levels mentioned, such as L3-4, L2-3, and S1-2, do experience herniations, but they are not as commonly affected as L4-5 and L5-S1. The reasons these lower levels are less frequently involved include their anatomical structure and the sheer amount of mechanical stress concentrated at the L4-5 and L5-S1 segments. Understanding these common locations aids clinicians in diagnosis and tailored rehabilitation programs for