A patient experiencing pain when running due to an underlying condition is showing signs of what?

• A. Impairment only.
• B. Disability only.
• C. Both impairment and functional limitation.
• D. Only a disorder.

Answer: (C)

In this scenario, the patient is experiencing pain while running, which directly indicates both impairment and functional limitation. Impairment refers to any loss or abnormality in body function or structure, such as the pain experienced by the patient, which may be due to an underlying condition affecting their musculoskeletal system.

Functional limitation refers to difficulties in performing activities or tasks, in this case, running. The patient's pain while engaging in a specific physical activity indicates that their ability to run, which is a functional task, is compromised.

By identifying that the patient exhibits signs of both impairment (the underlying condition causing pain) and functional limitation (the inability to run without pain), it is clear that the appropriate choice is both elements rather than just one or the other. This holistic understanding is crucial in orthopedic practice as it emphasizes the need to address both the underlying impairments and the functional capabilities of the patient.